Last Updated on May 13, 2025 by Analgesia team
OGD Medical Abbreviation
OGD stands for oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy, a diagnostic medical procedure used to examine the upper part of the digestive tract. It’s also commonly called a gastroscopy or upper endoscopy. The procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope through the mouth to view the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).
What Is Oesophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy?
An OGD is a procedure that allows a doctor or nurse to examine the upper digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It’s also known as a Gastroscopy or Endoscopy. The name Endoscopy comes from the small and flexible tube called endoscope that uses the camera to view the lining of the digestive tract.
Why Is an OGD Performed?
Doctors recommend an OGD when a patient is experiencing unexplained symptoms in the upper digestive tract. It helps diagnose and monitor a range of gastrointestinal issues, including:
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Persistent heartburn or acid reflux
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Swallowing difficulties (dysphagia)
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Upper abdominal pain
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Chronic nausea or vomiting
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Unexplained weight loss
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Suspected ulcers, inflammation, or tumours
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To remove polyps, treat bleeding, or take biopsies (tissue samples) for analysis
How Is the OGD Procedure Performed?
The procedure is typically carried out by a gastroenterologist:
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Preparation: You will be asked to fast (no food or drink) for at least 6 hours before the procedure. A sedative or local throat spray may be given to make the process more comfortable.
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Insertion: The gastroscope—a long, flexible tube with a light and camera—is gently passed through your mouth, down your oesophagus, and into the stomach and duodenum.
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Examination: The camera sends live images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to look for abnormalities such as ulcers, inflammation, or tumours.
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Tissue sampling: If necessary, small instruments can be passed through the scope to collect biopsy samples or perform minor treatments.
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Completion: The procedure usually lasts about 5 to 10 minutes. You’ll be monitored briefly afterward until the sedative wears off.
What to Expect After an OGD
Most people recover quickly and can go home the same day. However, you might experience:
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Sore throat for a few hours
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Bloating or wind due to air introduced during the procedure
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A brief period of drowsiness if a sedative was used
You should avoid eating or drinking for about an hour post-procedure. Always follow the aftercare advice given by the medical team.
Is OGD Safe?
Yes, an OGD is generally safe and well-tolerated. However, as with any medical procedure, there are minor risks, including:
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Mild discomfort or gagging during insertion
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Small chance of bleeding or perforation (especially if a biopsy or treatment is done)
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Allergic reaction to sedatives (rare)
Your doctor will review any specific risks based on your health history before the test.
In Summary
An OGD (oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy) is a quick, safe, and effective way to investigate upper digestive tract symptoms. It allows doctors to visually assess the lining of your oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum, take biopsies, and even treat certain conditions—all in one short outpatient visit.